Environmental Pollution: Renewable Energy and Sustainability Outcomes in Nigeria — A Panel Data Analysis (Part 1)

Author(s)

Kehinde Emmanuel Agbeni , Charity okonkwo chukwu , Eze Bright Osagie , Olayinka Sakiru Ayorinde , Ibekwere Victor Chizaram , Ngozi Blessing Uzoma ,

Download Full PDF Pages: 01-09 | Views: 8 | Downloads: 3 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17642823

Volume 14 - November 2025 (11)

Abstract

Environmental pollution remains one of the most pressing challenges in Nigeria, largely driven by the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and inefficient energy infrastructure. This study investigates how increased access to renewable energy influences environmental sustainability, with a specific focus on reducing carbon emissions and promoting cleaner development pathways. The study utilizes annual data from 1990 to 2022, sourced from the World Bank and the International Energy Agency. A panel data analysis was conducted using fixed effects and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) models to examine long-term relationships. Findings reveal that a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption is associated with a 0.42% reduction in CO₂ emissions, while greater access to electricity improves overall environmental performance indicators. The results underscore the positive environmental gains from clean energy adoption. However, the study also highlights persistent challenges such as limited investment, unreliable grid infrastructure, and weak regulatory enforcement that hinder the pace of energy transition

Keywords

Renewable Energy, Environmental Pollution, Carbon Emissions, Clean Energy Transition, Nigeria, Panel Data Analysis

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